Way of getting queried loop before the query with a filter hook?

@Rutwick’s answer was what I thought when I read the title, but I think you’re just wanting to use get_the_terms() which can be out of the loop like this:

$my_post_terms = get_the_terms( $post->ID, 'show' );
if( $my_post_terms && !is_wp_error( $my_post_terms ) ) {
    // do something here with $my_post_terms array
}