Since I don’t have your theme I can’t find what causing this problem, but this should definitely solve your problem for now
Create content-{post_type}.php
file and add your custom-post.
in the index.php add the below code above <?php get_template_part( 'templates/content', 'format'); ?>
<?php if(!in_array(get_post_type(), array('post', 'page', 'attachment', 'nav_menu_item', 'revision'))) ?>
<?php get_template_part( 'content', get_post_type()); ?>
or if you have only custom post type create content-{custom-post-type-slug}.php
template file and this to index.php inside loop
<?php
if(get_post_type() == '{custom-post-type-slug}') :
get_template_part( 'content', {custom-post-type-slug};
else :
get_template_part( 'content', 'format');
endif; ?>
NOTE: This is only for temporary purpose, until you find a real good solution or why the default template-hierarchy is not working.
EDIT: Install the debug-bar plugin I think you will find what causing the problem with this plugin.