This will properly override the user settings to keep the menu collapsed for all users:
/**
* Reset user setting to always collapse the admin menu.
*
* @see set_user_setting()
*/
function wpdocs_always_collapse_menu() {
if ( 'f' != get_user_setting( 'mfold' ) ) {
set_user_setting( 'mfold', 'f' );
}
}
add_action( 'admin_head', 'wpdocs_always_collapse_menu' );