wp get attachment image always gives me thumbnail

The real workhorses behind wp_get_attachment_image_src are image_downsize & image_get_intermediate_size.

Between the two, they’ll attempt to find the largest image available that fits within the constraints of the required size.

The return value of wp_get_attachment_image_src will be:

Array(
    [0] => 'source of image that best fits',
    [1] => 'width of source image'
    [2] => 'height of source image',
)

Also what happens with already uploaded pictures?

Nothing. You’ll need a plugin like Regenerate Thumbnails if you’ve changed your media settings/added image sizes, and want to apply them to all exisiting images.