Check if any available product has specific attribute

Here is the code that solved the problem:

$woo_args = array(
    'status'        => 'publish',
    'limit'         => 1,
    'stock_status'  => 'instock',
    'brand'         => 99
);
$products = wc_get_products($woo_args);

if (count($products) == 0){
   //No product with the custom attribute id=99
}

add_filter('woocommerce_product_data_store_cpt_get_products_query', 'my_handle_custom_query_var', 10, 2);
function my_handle_custom_query_var($query, $query_vars) {
    if (!empty($query_vars['brand'])){
        $query['tax_query'][] = array(
            'taxonomy' => 'pa_brand',
            'field'    => 'id',
            'terms'    => $query_vars['brand'],
            'operator' => 'IN',
        );
    }
    return $query;
}