Extending arrays in parent theme without completely overriding the files

I don’t know exactly how your themes– parent and child– are constructed but the child theme’s functions.php loads before the parent’s. So, if this template is included via functions.php changes you attempt to make in the child functions.php to that $Icons array will be overwritten as soon as the parent function.php loads. Since you say this has “many other functions”, it seems likely that this file is somehow included from functions.php.

In fact, if maintemplate-somefile.php is included by any file that $Icons array will be overwritten, as per the code you posted there is no attempt to merge that array with pre-existing values.

If this is a page template, and you provide a replace template, the parent template will not load at all.

Your parent theme might have provided a hook that you could use, or there may be some other way to achieve the end you want, but given that you posted effectively no code it is hard to say much more.

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