Get parent category(taxonomy) ID from single template of a custom post type

Get Object Terms : Retrieves an array of WP_Term object associated with the given post, in the supplied taxonomies.

Term object ( WP_Term )offers some handy information. For example,

Gives you term slug: e.g.: term-slug-example

$slug = $term->slug;

Gives you term name: e.g. Term Name Example

$name = $term->name;

Gives you term description: e.g. This is my new cool custom term.

$desc = $term->description;

But unfortunately lacks a link value. So use Get Term Link to generate a permalink for a taxonomy term archive.

$term_link = get_term_link( $term);

So your finalcode should look like this:

$sub_cats = wp_get_object_terms( $post->ID, DocumentsTaxonomy::DOCUMENTS_TAXONOMY_KEY, ); // array of categories associated with current post


$args_docs   =   array(
    'post_type'         =>  Documents::DOCUMENTS_TYPE_KEY,
    'posts_per_page'    =>  -1,
    'tax_query' => array(
        array(
            'taxonomy'  =>  DocumentsTaxonomy::DOCUMENTS_TAXONOMY_KEY,
            'field'     =>  'term_id',
            'terms'     =>  $sub_cats[0]->parent, 
        ),
    ),
);

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