Custom 404 error does not always appear

WordPress doesn’t receive those requests, so the server 404 displays. If you want WordPress to handle all 404s, use mod_rewrite Pretty Permalinks rather than PATHINFO permalinks. The requirements are detailed in Using Permalinks.

Taxonomy link not working (leads to 404 page)

It seems you do not have a template for your custom taxonomy. I do not think so single.php will be used for this purpose. Have a look on this ARTICLE.. Look at the hierarchy,,, I think in your case you need taxonomy-soortpost.php Taxonomy hierarchy: taxonomy-{taxonomy}-{term}.php taxonomy-{taxonomy}.php tag-{slug}.php tag-{id}.php category-{slug}.php category-{ID}.php