variable not passed correctly to database using custom field

First: when you store data it gets serialized, and this is where these extra s:301: and stuff like that coming from.

If you are using ACF plugin, at least i see it with functions get_field() update_field()
You need to pass in just a value you want to store in, and it will serialize and unserialize data for you behind the scenes.

What I also see is by field name player_0_embed_player is – you have a repeater with name player and there’s a sub field named embed_player.

What you can do to get value from subfield is simply

$all_rows = get_field('player', $post_id); // you'll have array of rows

$your_value = isset( $all_rows[0]['embed_player'] ) ? $all_rows[0]['embed_player'] : ''; // get value of subfield from first row if it exists.

update_field('ab_embedgroup', $your_value, $post_id); // save this value to other field. i don't know why but your code does it.

//I also have no idea why you create some `$query` variable and assign it twice.

Value that is stored in database will be serialized by ACF when you save it.

UPD: after clarification

You have these data when you unserialize a metadata that were read somehow.

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [ab_hostname] => #HLS
            [ab_embed] => <iframe width="1263" height="480" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5Gsdtetr1zo" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
            [_state] => expanded
        )

)

It’s data structure is [ [ ab_hostname, ab_embed, _state ] ]

As I understand your target data structure in ab_embedgroup field (which is of type Group) is [ [ab_hostname, ab_embed ] ]

Why you can’t just do this ?

$unserialized_data = maybe_unserialize($some_data_in_serialized_form_gathered_somehow);

$data_to_save = [
    'ab_hostname' => $unserialized_data['ab_hostname'],
    'ab_embed'    => $unserialized_data['ab_embed'],
];

$data_to_save_as_group_field = [ $data_to_save ]; // it expects array of arrays with single array inside as it's group.

update_field( 'ab_embedgroup', $data_to_save_as_group_field, $post_id );

error code: 523