Add Image Before Posts Entry Title

This works fine for me when i test it. I did edit your code as you had a small error in the function name not matching.

Also, you might want to add a conditional tag and wrap the shortcode in a div but otherwise it works.

function adt_abovetitle($title){

    //Return new title if called inside loop
     if ( in_the_loop() && is_singular('post') ) {

    $x = do_shortcode('[shortcode id="'. $id . '"]');
        return  $x . $title;    

    } else {
    //Else return regular   
    return $title;
    }
}

add_filter( 'the_title', 'adt_abovetitle');

You might want to test your else statement as well.