Custom post admin filtering by post meta (the date)

You need to be storing your dates in some sortable format such as YYYY-MM-DD, or as a unix timestamp, otherwise you can’t do this just with a query. Once it’s in the format YYYY-MM-DD this should work. try this:

function concerts_pre_get_posts( $query ) {
    if ( !is_admin() )
        return;

    if ( isset( $query->query_vars[ 'post_type' ] ) && $query->query_vars[ 'post_type' ] == 'concerts' ) {
        $query->set( 'orderby', 'meta_value' );
        $query->set( 'order', 'ASC' );
        $query->set( 'meta_query', array(
            array(
                'key' => 'date_value',
                'value' => date( "Y-m-d" ),
                'compare' => '<=',
                'type' => 'DATE'
            )
        ) );
    }
}
add_filter( 'pre_get_posts', 'concerts_pre_get_posts' );