Adding orderby url parameter to main CPT admin menu link

You can set $_GET directly inside your pre_get_posts action to get the UI to pickup that change:

function wpd_test_pre_get( $query ) {
    // put whatever conditions to target your cpt here
    if( is_admin() && $query->is_main_query() ){
        // modify query
        $query->set('orderby', 'title');
        $query->set('order', 'asc');
        // set $_GET vars
        $_GET['orderby'] = 'title';
        $_GET['order'] = 'asc';
    }
}
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'wpd_test_pre_get' );