Filter categories/tags to display in multiple metaboxes for selection in back-end

Yup! Just register a new taxonomy in your functions.php and it’ll show up in your post editor.

function my_custom_taxonomy(){
  $args = array(
   'settings' => 'here'
   );

   register_taxonomy('Authors', 'post', $args);
}

add_action('init', 'my_custom_taxonomy');

http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/register_taxonomy