How to display get_post_type() translated?

Based on a previous Q&A, How to get current get_post_types name?, you could use get_post_type_object() to get the whole post type object, which will have the translated name in it.

$post_type_object = get_post_type_object(get_post_type());
if ( $post_type_object ) {
    echo esc_html( $post_type_object->labels->singular_name );
}