‘Customize’ button in admin bar for CSS

The WP Toolbar’s Customize button will launch the Theme Customizer. This is standard on all WordPress sites, but it could be disabled via themes or plugins.

WordPress version 4.7 added the Custom CSS feature which will allow you to add your own styles to the activated theme. These styles will not be overridden when updating the theme.

…custom CSS safely stays available through updating and switching
themes, starting fresh for each new theme.

Technically, it would be possible for a theme to stomp on any options or theme mods with an update, so you should always make a backup of your database and files before updating.