How to customize `Edit-Post` Screen

Seeing the image you posted, you have two sane options:

  • Implement a frontend add/edit UI
  • Hide the posts admin UI and build your own

Considering that eitherway a rewrite is needed, I recommend using the frontend.

If you really want, you could hide all the metaboxes etc on the edit page and add your own at the bottom, but, this is 95% of the work for the above, in addition to hiding all the rest and tracking changes across versions, and the eventual maintenance nightmare.

Refer to wp_update_post, this will be the function you use to update the post in your save routine when the form is submitted