You need to define $landscape
in the loop. You’re defining out so it is not part of your repeating portion.
Move it down just under the while
line so it looks like this:
<?php
$args = array( 'post_type' => 'products', 'posts_per_page' => 9 );
$the_query = new WP_Query( $args );
?>
<main class="site-content">
<div class="row">
<?php if ( $the_query->have_posts() ) : ?>
<?php while ( $the_query->have_posts() ) : $the_query->the_post(); ?>
$landscape = get_field('main_photo_landscape');
<article class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 product">
<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/363095/<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>">
<div class="featured-img" style="background: url('<?php echo $landscape['sizes']['large']; ?>') center center no-repeat; background-size: auto 100%"></div>
<h1 class="title"><?php the_title(); ?></h1>
<button class="btn">More Details</button>
</a>
</article>
<?php endwhile; ?>
<?php the_posts_navigation(); ?>
<?php endif; ?>
</div>
Notice I removed , $post->ID
as well.