Custom post type not displaying content from single-{custom post type} page

You need to rename loop-{custom-post-type}.php to single-{custom-post-type}.php.

And to be explicit, the actual filename, based on your code above, should be:

single-vfic_publications.php.

Get rid of any other template redirects or anything else similar that you’re using. As per the Template Hierarchy, if you have a Custom Post Type named vfic_publications, and a template file named single-vfic_publications.php, WordPress will automatically use it to render the single-post view for that CPT.

The other issue that’s going on here is that you appear to be trying to use the single post view page as an archive index page. You don’t need to do that. Instead, create a archive-vfic_publications.php file, and WordPress will automatically use it to render the archive-index page view for your CPT.

You also appear to be doing tax queries in your template file. You might want to consider instead using taxonomy template files for that purpose.