Admin menu link with variable

You can use wp_get_current_user() function to retrieve user login data. Also use get_edit_profile_url() to get profile page link.

Note: You can use wp_logout_url() function for logout url.

Try following code:

add_action( 'wp_before_admin_bar_render', 'wpdd_admin_bar_edit' );

function wpdd_admin_bar_edit() {
    global $wp_admin_bar;

    // Show username with profile link 
    $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
    $username = $current_user->user_login;
    $profile_link = get_edit_profile_url();
    $wp_admin_bar->add_menu( array(
        'parent' => 'site-name',
        'id' => 'my_profile',
        'title' => __( 'Profile: ' ) . $username,
        'href' => $profile_link
    ));

    // Logout Link
    $logout_url = wp_logout_url();
    $wp_admin_bar->add_menu( array(
        'parent' => 'site-name',
        'id' => 'log-out',
        'title' => __( 'Log out' ),
        'href' => $logout_url
    ));
}