Post title to show all characters after having it limited for preview

WordPress has a is_single() function to check for this very condition inside the loop.

function wpse_75691_trim_words( $title ) {

    if( is_single() ) {
        return $title;
    }

    return wp_trim_words( $title, 10, '' ) . ' ...';
}

There is a fairly robust list of conditional tags in the Codex.